© 2002 by Society for the Social History of Medicine
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Infant and Maternal Health Services in Ceylon, 1900–1948: Imperialism or Welfare?
1 Department of Historical Studies, University of Bristol, 13–15 Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1TB. E-mail: m.jones{at}bris.ac.uk
This article contests a dominant contemporary view that colonial medicine was oppressive and detrimental to welfare; in particular, that infant and maternal welfare services were culturally hegemonic in their imposition of western practices and values on indigenous women. It does so by studying the development of these services in just one British colony—the ‘model colony’ of Ceylon from 1900 until independence. It shows how, at both a practical and a theoretical level, there was a direct policy transfer from the metropolitan centre to the colony. Moreover, the main justifications for the development of health and welfare services for women and children ran parallel to those used earlier in Britain. By 1948, these services were extensive in Ceylon and contributed to the fall in infant and maternal mortality rates at the end of the colonial period. It concludes by arguing that, just as in the West, these services were contradictory: they could both help maintain the exploitative State and enhance welfare. However, it is ultimately on their ability to improve health and welfare that they should be judged.
Keywords: infant; maternal; mortality; welfare services; voluntary organizations; midwives; indigenous; Ceylon; colonial; medicine